Automatic telephone system



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JLSle Nov. l, 1932. M. TcHoUBRxTcH AUTOMATIQ TELEPHONE SYSTEM Filed Jan. 24, 1931 16 Sheets-Sheet 16 FlgJa Patented Nov. 1, 1932 unirsi) s'rArlEs PATENToFFlcE MICHEL TGHOUBRITCH, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSGNOR TO SOCIETE NOUVELLE DE CON- y STRUCTIONS TELEPHONIQUES, OF PARIS,'FRANCE, .A CORPORATION OF FRANCE Y AUTOIIATIC TELEPHONE SYSTEM 1 Application filed January 24, 1931, Serial No. 511,041, and in France January 31, 1930.`

It is frequently necessary, in telephony, to serve a `certain number of small groups each of which comprises a certain number of subscribers which must be able to be connected up either to each other, or to the subscribers of oneof the othervgroups, each group being, however, too sinall to justify a telephonie operator being constantly on duty at the exchange.

The course which has obviously been resorted to is tc employ automatic telephony, and in particular the system which consists in joining up the groups to a town of a certain sizewhere attendants are constantly on duty, the automatic mechanisms which carry out the operations necessary at the group exchanges, or `rural exchanges, being worked from a distance by the attendants at the town exchange, which is called the manual exchange.

Fig. l shows by way of example a system constituted in this way, the subscribers AB being connected up directly, either to the exchanges 0 R, or to the manual exchange M A. The rural exchangers C R are connected up to the manual exchange M A either directly, like .the exchanges CB1, CRl, CR1, or through the medium of other rural exchanges; for example 0R, isconnected up to M A through the medium of CB2 and CB1.

It is obvious that, in this arrangement, the apparatus at the rural exchanges cannot be permanently supervised and, moreover, it is advantageous to constitute them from the simplest parts possible, that is to say from relays, avoiding movable parts such as rotary selectors for example. These rural exchanges have, therefore, been constructed as relay exchanges, but those which exist have two disadvantages, namely there is generally only a single line connecting two rural exchanges with each other or connecting one of them to the `manual exchange. Now practice has shown that this is insui'icient for normal working. 0n the other hand, two serially relaited lines, for example CH3, CB2 and 0K2. 0Rj have been connected to each other by the aid of translators which produced a notable weakening of the currents.

. The' present invention relates to a system of automatic telephony, particularly an automatic rural exchange fitted solely with relays which permitsv any number of lines to be used, (which lines will be termed hereinafter trunk lines) in order to connect two exchanges and connecting these lines to each other directly at the intermediate exchanges so that there shall never be more than a single translator in circuit, which will be located at the final exchange to which the calling or called subscriber is connected.

Foiexaniple, if the subscriber ABZ;7 at the exchange 0R4 is in communication with the manual exchange, the only translator in circuit will Vbe at CR-.1, the connections of the lines made at CRS, CB2 and CB1 being direct and purelyV metallic connections.

Hereinafter, we shall describe by way of example, the exchange CRl, the others being fitted in an identical manner and we shall designate by L01, L02, L03 the lines which connect this exchange to the manual'exchange which may be called main trunk lines and by L014 and L01., the 'lines connecting it to CH2 which may be called secondary trunk lines.

The rural exchange is constituted according to the following general principle, which will be better understood by reference tothe diagrammatic Figure 3 relating to CB1.

The main trunk lines leading towards the manual exchange (that is to say L01, L02, L03 from CB1, or LOM, L015 from CB2) are divided at the exchange under consideration by translators. The secondary trunk lines LOM leading towards the more remote rural exchanges cross these lines L01, L02 at the part situated between the translators and the manual exchange. The subscribers lines (LA) of the rural exchange under con sideration cross them, on the contrary, at the part farthest from the manualexchange relatively to the translators. r

The rural exchange thus constitutes diagrammatically a Swiss commutator and the parts of this exchange which have the effect of producing the connections between the lines which cr-oss each other, play the part of the plugs in a Swiss commutator.

This arrangement shows that connections between a line L01, L02 etc. and a line LA will be made through the medium of a translator while a connection between the lines L01, L02 and the lines LOM, L015 will be made directly.

The'connections which are made in a Swiss commutator by the introduction or" the plugs connecting tw-o barsare made here through the `medium `ot' diterent relays. There is also a 'line in each exchange called a local line, denoted by LL in Fig. 3, which crosses to the subscribers lines and the lines such as L014 which `lead outwards from the exchange. This line serves to establish communication between two subscribers of the same exchange, 23 and 24 for example, or between asubscriber (24'or example) at CE1 and a subscriber (26 for example) at CB2. In this latter' case at the exchange CE1, the subscriber 24 is connected to LL, while at CB2 the subscriber 26 is connected to LOM, which is connected at CE1 to LL. At this latter, that is CB2, also communication will be made through the medium of a single translator that of CB2.

- The following description and the accompanying drawings show by way of example one mode ofcarrying out the present invention.

The Figures 4 Ito 13 are really part of a single drawing and could have been numbered 4a, 4b, etc. they have been numbered 4 to 13 for more clearness.

Fig. 1 is, as above stated, a diagrammatic example of the rural' network which can be served, despite its complexity, by the new system 'Y Figs. 2 and 3 show diagrammatically, as above stated, the general arrangement of the incoming circuits, the outgoing circuits and the circuits'ot the rural subscribers at rural automatic exchange. Fig. 3 also shows the wayin which Figs. 4, 5,' 6 and 7 are assembled.

Fig. 4 shows the part IV of Fig. 3.

-'Figo shows the part V 'of FiO. 3.

Fig shows the part VI of Fig. 3.

' Fig. `7 shows shows the part VII of Fig. 3. Figs. 8,' 9 and 10 show one of the selectors individual tothe trunkline.

Fig. 11 shows the calling line `iinder, or selector. Y

Fig, 12 shows a cabinet interpolated in one of the trunk lines leading from the manual exchange to the first of the rural automatic exchanges. Y Fig. 13 shows the essential parts provided at the manual exchange for working the rural `automatic exchanges of the system.

Figs. 14 to 18 are simplified theoretical diagrams which permit of the way in which the various operati-ons take place to be more easily followed.

EIn Figs. 4 to 12 which show in a detailed manner the way in which a rural exchangeis constructed, certain circuit connecting wires have been indicated by roman iigures and by arabic igures within a circle in the drawings (thus, for example, the reference VIII placed in front of a bracket embracing one or several ends of conductors indicated by the number within a circle, means that these conductors must be connected to the conductors bearing the number 3 within a circle in Figure 8).

In the new system, each subscribers individual equipment (Figure 6) placed at the rural exchange, is constituted by a calling relay D which acts when the subscriber operates his magneto and serves to put the other parts into operation; by a local communication relay A which serves to put the subscriber into communication with a local line for conversations between subscribers of the same oiice'; and by as many communication relays 0 as there are main trunk lines L0 leading to the manual exchange MA. Each of these relays serve to put the subscriber into communication with the corresponding line. Each subscribers station (not shown) comprises, in the case under consideration here,

line condenser and a calling magneto.

The trunk lines L0, which extend towards the manually operated exchange and which are organized in such a way that each one of them can'be occupied by only a single station at one time, comprise a test or guarding relay J, which is operated when the line is occupied by a rural exchange subscriber, a conversation relay K, which serves in particular to f operate the supervision signal at the manual exchange, a calling relay L, which serves to light up the calling lamp 'at the manual exchange (Figs. 6 and 7) and as many groups of relays M and N (M1, N1, Ml, M2, N2, MZ, :lo

N2 etc. as there are lines like L01.1 leading from the rural exchange under consideration to the next rural exchanges (Figs. 4 and 5) these relays serving to connect the corresponding lines to each other directly and to prevent the line leading to the manual exchange from being taken by another subscriber.

Each trunk line, such as L01, extending between the manual exchange MA and the lirst rural exchange 0R may be provided at the vpoint where it leaves the manual exchange optionally with a cabinet interpolated therein and shown diagrammatically in Fig. 12.

Each trunk line has, at the rural exchange, an individual selector (Figs. 8, 9 and 10) which will be hereinafter described and the function of which is, when the telephone operator sets up a number (for example by means of a dial) to cause a relay belonging to the subscriber or to the desired connecting line to operate to put this subscriber or this line into connection with the trunk line under consideration.

The equipment of the various trunk lines CIV' " the effect of which such as LOM'comprises various relays functioning in a manner .similar to those'oflthe subscribers lines LA, and in particular a relay V corresponding to the relay D, a relay O corresponding tothe relay A and a series of groups of relaysMN corresponding to the relays C1, C2, C3. The equipment comprises also means the function of which is, when the line LOM for example is connected to the local lineLL and when the telephone operator is trying to connect'up with this line to establish a connection to connect this telephone operator not to the line LOM, but to put her into communication so that she can 3 hear over the line LL:

There is also at each rural exchange a calling line finder (see Fig. ll) commonto all the trunk lines lleading tothe manual' e`xchange, the function of which distributor is j to connect up in orderof succession the calling stations to one of the 4free trunk lines leading towards the manual exchange.

` This calling line finder is composed ofV two controlling relays Z1 and Z'2 and of as many connecting relays .Y (Y1, Y2, YS, etc. as there arev subscribers stations and trunk lines leading to thenext rural exchanges.

The relays Z1 and Z2 act on each other, working in succession on a four stroke cycle, is to operate the relays Y in succession.

` Each rural automatic exchange with its local battery which can be charged from the manual exchange) is completed by one or more local connecting circuits which com-V prise live relaysl, F, G (see Fig. 7)Vand WV, 'X (see Fig. 4) and permit the telephone operator to cut olf a local conversation and clear the local line at the end of such conversation. It also has as many observation relays H for connection tothe local line (see Fi Ojs. 6 and 7) `as there are trunk lines LO leading from the exchange under consideration to the manual exchange.

All these parts are organized and connected to each other in the manner indicated in the figures of the drawings.

The different rural automatic exchanges connected to a trunk line or in -a system of several trunk lines are similar and are organized to the manner of working which will now be described.

The working of the rural exchange according to this invention being rather complex, as is also that of all other automatic exchanges, the description about to be given has been divided into several chapters, namely:

l. The calling up of the manual exchange by a subscriber 24 at CB1.

2. The operations carriedout by the telephone operator to answer the said subscriber 24, who requires to be connected up to asub- -scriber 23-at the same exchange CB1.

3. The description of the individual selector of the trunk linesleading towards the manual exchange.

4.- The connection of the calling subscriber 28 to the local line LL.

l The connection ofthe called subscriber 24. to the same line LL, the supervision of the conversation and the ultimate cutting off vof the subscribers. Y Y

'Y 6. The calling up of the manual exchange by a subscriber from a rural exchange notcon nected directly to the manual exchange, for example by the subscriber at CB2.

7. The calli-ng up by the manual exchange 'of a subscriber at a rural exchange not directly connected to the manual exchange, for example the subscriber 26 at CB2.

8. The establishment of a connection between two subscribers at different rural exchanges connected to each other without passing through the manual exchange, for example between 26 at CB2 and 23 at CRI.

A9. Connection between two subscribers at rural exchanges connect-ed to each other solely by the manual exchange, for example a subscriber at CB1 and a subscriber at CRC, l0. The'description of the cabinet interpolated between the manual exchange and a rural exchange such as CR1.`

l1. Tmergency station permitting a rural exchange to continue to communicate with the manual exchange in the case of damage or breakdown. y

l2. Recharge of the rural exchange accumulators from the manual exchange.

VwWhen particularly complex operations have to be carried out we have first given a description or condensed explanation which can be followed by referring to the die-.grant matic Figures 14 to 18, these descriptions leaving on one side the details and being 1ntended to serve solely as a guide to enable the detailed description of the same operation to be followed more easily afterwards which, without the above mentioned preliminary condensed explanation, would run the risk of being very confused.

1. The calling up of the manual cczaag/e by a subscriber (Qlfor example) from ORl lis stated above, before describing indetail the working of the various relays which permit a subscriber to be put intoconnection with the manual exchange, we think it well to describe succinctly the successive operations which take place and which can be followed by reference to Fig. 14.

It must be understood that this figure, like the others of the samekind, shows only the essential parts necessary to make the general working understood. They bear likewise the same reference letters and figures as the detailed figures.

The subscriber operates his magneto the effect of which is to excite the calling relay D, which kis brought into the operative position and is locked in a self holding circuit and operates in its turn a relay B, which provides the current necessary for the working of the calling lines finder. The wire carrying this current is, however, controlled by the relays J and M of all the lines leading to the exchange, so that only if one of these lines is free and, in consequence the relays J and M corresponding thereto are at rest, the line finder vreceives the currentand lcan be operate This selector, as has been stated, comprises a series of relays Y, each corresponding either to a subscriber or toa line leading to a more remote ruralexchange. For the moment Wev shall concern ourselves with the subscribers only. These relays are excited successively one after the other. When one of them is brought into its operative position, it has the effect of connecting the negative pole of the battery to contacts such as 59 (Fig. 14) of the relay D of the corresponding subscriber. These contacts are open when Lthe relay is at rest. When a l'relay Y is operated this will generally have no effect, but when in Vits turn, the relay Y2 of the calling subscriber 24 is operated, it will have the effect of connecting the negative pole of the battery to one end of the relays 01, c2, c1. of the subscriber.l

In order that one of these relays may act, itis necessary that its other end shall be connected to the positive pole of the battery, which cannot take pla-ce unless the relays J and M of the corresponding trunk line (L02 for example) are at rest.

It should be noted also-that if several trunk lines are unoccupied at the same time, only one relay c will act, because it is only in the equipment of one of these lines that the necessary positive pole 66 can be found which will be due to the working of the relays J, M, N as will be more fully explained hereinafter.

The relay C2 having acted will cause the energization of the relay J2 which, in its turn, excites the calling relay L, the effect of which will be to connect the negative pole to one of thetwo wires 7 6 of the line L02, this current being sent over L02 and lighting up the calling lamp atthe manual exchange.

Moreover, 02 remains in its operative position and connects the subscribers line with the translator of the line L02.

Before proceeding to the detailed explanation of the working of the various parts, we shall indicate in a similar and very abridged manner how the calling line finder works (see Fig. 11).

The relays Z1 and Z2 which receive current from the relay B control each other, so that they each pass from the position of rest to the operativel position in succession land vice versa in accordance with the four stroke cycle shown as follows z- (a) Z1 operative Z2 at rest (ZJ) Z1 operative Z2 operative (c) Z1 at rest 'Z2 operative (d) Z1 at rest Z2 at rest The same cycle then commences again.

At thetime a, nothing happens.

At the time Z9, Y1 is brought into its operativep osition and is maintained therein, since the succeeding relays are at rest. r

At the time c, Y2 is broughtinto its operative position, which releases Y1.

At the time cl Y2 remains in the operative position.

At the first time of the second cycle, the current which previously was sent to Y1 is interrupted by operated relay Y2 so that Ya is operated and brings Y2 back to its position of rest. and so on.

All the relays Y thus act one after the other. Let us now examine in detail, referring to Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7 and l1, the way in which the operations which have just been described concisely are carried out.

If it be supposed that subscriber Nr. 24 (who, hereinafter will sometimes 'be called the second subscriber) calls up by operating his magneto, he sends over the line 50, 50 (see Fig. 6) a current into his relay D which operates and is maintained in position over 5l, line 301, thecontacts of the relays 01, 02, 03, at rest, line 52 .(this line being multiplied over all the subscribers of the exchange) and relay B which is caused to operate.

When one of the relays 01, 02 or 02, of the second subscriber is operated, the circuit will be broken and the relays D will return to rest. By being operated the relay B will connect the wire 27 directly to the positive pole 302 and the wire 26 to the line 53. This iline 53 has shunts such as 54, which pass through the contacts of the relays J2, continue through 55 and pass through the contacts of the relays M2, M2 and terminate at the positive pole 56. A similar shunt is provided for each of the lines L01, L02, L02.

If, therefore, one ofthese lines,'L02 for example, be free` the relay J2, and also the rei lays M2 and N2 relating to this line are at rest and the line 53 is connected to a positive pole 56.

Consequently, a positive polarity is placed on the two wires 26 and 27. If a line leading to the exchange were not available, the wire 26 would be disconnected from positive.

By way of example let it be supposed that in the following description, the line L01 is occupied and the line L02 free.

The current in the wires 26 and 27 will cause the'calling line finder shown in Fig. 11 to act in the following manner.

The selector comprises two relays Z1 and lZ2 and relays Y corresponding `to .the various 

